Creating Chinese Calligraphy

Chinese calligraphy is the art of creating aesthetically pleasing writing or tangible representations of the Chinese languages. It can take years to learn the art because students have to master  writing Chinese characters, which is a daunting task in itself, and they have to write them beautifully and with an unforgiving tool: the brush. History The art of calligraphy in China can be traced to ancient Chinese signs and symbols that appeared as early as 6,000 years ago according to Wei Lu and Max Aiken in their essay, Origins and Evolution of Chinese Writing Systems and Preliminary Counting Relationships. However, its modern form didnt emerge until a few thousand years later, between the 14th and 11th centuries B.C. There are seven main categories of traditional Chinese calligraphy—which include Hhsin (pronounced xing), Sao (cao), Zuan (zhuan), Li, and Kai—each with its own slight variations in style and symbolism. As a result, the skill of writing beautiful calligraphy may be difficult for some learners to grasp, but fortunately, there are a variety of online resources for creating and editing Chinese calligraphy.   Although the earliest-known calligraphy-like symbols date to around 4000 B.C., the traditional style of calligraphy thats still practiced today first appeared in Xiaoshuangqiao between 1400 and 1100 B.C. in modern-day Zhengzhou, China. Standardization Around 220 B.C., during the reign of Qin Shi Huang in Imperial China, a standard Chinese calligraphy system was adopted. As the first conqueror of a majority of land in China, Huang created a series of reforms including a character unification that yielded 3,300 standardized characters known as  XiÇŽozhuà  n (zhuan). From that point forward, writing in China went through a series of reforms that yielded a new set of standardized characters and lettering. Over the next two centuries, other styles developed: the  Là ¬shÃ… « (li) style was followed by the KÇŽishÃ… « (kai), which was in turn followed by the Xà ­ngshÃ… « (xing), and CÇŽoshÃ… « (cao) cursive styles. Today, each of these forms is still used in traditional Chinese calligraphy practices, depending on the teacher and his preferences for style and aesthetics. Online Resources If you live in China, its easy to find calligraphers who sell their work or who can create custom calligraphy just for you. There is an easier way, though: tools that convert pasted text into calligraphy using various fonts. Some of the best include: The  Chinese Calligraphy Editor, which allows you to enter or paste your Chinese characters (simplified or traditional) and choose between 19 different styles in four different groups. You can also adjust the size of the generated picture, the orientation (horizontal or vertical), and direction (left to right or right to left). When you click calligraphy, a picture is generated that you can save.The  Chinese Calligraphy,  Model of Chinese Calligraphy, and  Chinese Text to Images Converter, which offer different fonts, though these only accept simplified characters and offer fewer features and customization than the Chinese Calligraphy Editor.The  Free Chinese Calligraphy Fonts, which allows you to download fonts, many of which resemble handwriting, to use on your computer.

An Organization Known As The Comanche Club - 1838 Words

IN 1928, when I was nine, I belonged, with maximum esprit de corps, to an organization known as the Comanche Club. Every schoolday afternoon at three o clock, twenty-five of us Comanches were picked up by our Chief outside the boys exit of P. S. 165, on 109th Street near Amsterdam Avenue. We then pushed and punched our way into the Chief s reconverted commercial bus, and he drove us (according to his financial arrangement with our parents) over to Central Park. The rest of the afternoon, weather permitting, we played football or soccer or baseball, depending (very loosely) on the season. Rainy afternoons, the Chief invariably took us either to the Museum of Natural History or to the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Saturdays and most†¦show more content†¦The Chief always found us.) In his hours of liberation from the Comanches, the Chief was John Gedsudski, of Staten Island. He was an extremely shy, gentle young man of twenty-two or -three, a law student at N.Y.U., and altogether a very memorable person. I won t attempt to assemble his many achievements and virtues here. Just in passing, he was an Eagle Scout, an almost-All-America tackle of 1926, and it was known that he had been most cordially invited to try out for the New York Giants baseball team. He was an impartial and unexcitable umpire at all our bedlam sporting events, a master fire builder and extinguisher, and an expert, uncontemptuous first-aid man. Every one of us, from the smallest hoodlum to the biggest, loved and respected him. The Chief s physical appearance in 1928 is still clear in my mind. If wishes were inches, all of us Comanches would have had him a giant in no time. The way things go, though, he was a stocky five three or four--no more than that. His hair was blue-black, his hair-line extremely low, his nose was large and fleshy, and his torso was just about as long as his legs were. In his leather windbreaker, his shoulders were powerful, but narrow and sloping. At the time, however, it seemed to me that in the Chief all the most photogenic features of Buck Jones, Ken Maynard, and Tom Mix had been smoothly

Gender Inequality and Post-Secondary Education in Canada free essay sample

Historically, gender differences have been at the core of social and economic injustice and women have faced fundamental disadvantages (Tepperman Curtis, 2011, p. 351). Despite recent changes in formal equality – the introduction of protection for women in the Constitution Act, 1982 and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, for example informal barriers are still present which lead to the discrimination of women (Tepperman Curtis, 2011, p. 89). The Canadian education system has not been immune to the effects of discrimination towards women; in fact, some argue that schools have been a vessel for inequality (Knudson-Martin Mahoney, 2009, p. 45). This paper will argue that discrimination toward women in post-secondary education has led to social and economic inequality that reaches much further than just educational institutions. The first section of the paper will outline current scholarly literature on education and specifically gender inequality in universities. This paper will then discuss why gender inequality in schools and education is a social problem. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender Inequality and Post-Secondary Education in Canada or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Finally, the essay will conclude with a discussion and commentary regarding the issue of social and economic inequality between genders as an educational system failure. WHAT DO WE KNOW? Many structural functionalists suggest that education is a fundamental way that socialization occurs (Tepperman and Curtis, 2001, p. 347). Furthermore, that our society is obsessed with assigning social statuses to people based on their perceived level of ‘success’; this method of placing individuals or groups into social statuses is often referred to as ascribed status (Sasaki as cited in Tepperman and Curtis, 2011, p. 347). The emphasis placed on social status is reinforced by individuals desire to gain upward social mobility – a process by which one moves up a perceived social or economic hierarchy in order to achieve a desired status in a meritocracy (holding power based on merit and not social status) (Tepperman Curtis, 2011, p. The desire to gain upward social mobility has led to the belief that educational achievement will lead to increased social status (Tepperman Curtis, 2011, p. 347). Structural functionalists argue that the function of schooling is to give people the desired human capital (in terms of abilities) in order to advance economic growth (Tepperman Curtis, 2011, p. 361). Therefore, many Canadians believe that receiving post-secondary education will lead to higher social mobility, and thus, increase their human capital which will enable individuals to reach a higher ascribed status. The educational system also aims to ‘sort’ individuals into distinct categories which send messages out to perspective employers regarding the individuals abilities; this approach is commonly referred to as signalling theory (Tepperman Curtis, 2011, p. 349). Many scholars suggest that this may lead to economic inequality based on where an individual receives post-secondary education (Tepperman Curtis, 2011, p. 349). For example, men have dominated the fields of engineering and medicine and women tend to study education and nursing. Although many of these jobs require similar educational achievement, education and nursing is not comparable to medicine and engineering in terms of financial reward (Tepperman Curtis, 2011, p. 351). Connell (1996) argues that a symbolic structure in education is the ‘gendering of knowledge’, which refers to teachers defining certain subjects or areas as ‘masculine’ and others as ‘feminine’ (Connell, 1996, p. 214). Furthermore, Connell argues that perceptions of ‘masculine’ and ‘feminine’ jobs are culturally defined, and thus, banning females from typically male dominated curriculum areas is a form of discrimination (Connell, 1996, p. 217). A result of ‘sorting’ people into different categories is the division of individuals into two economic sectors: the primary labour market (high wage, secure, and highly skilled jobs) and the secondary labour market (low-paying, generally unstable, and unskilled jobs)(Tepperman Curtis, 2011, p. 350). The placement into each category is largely related to social traits, backgrounds, and abilities that have been achieved through formal post-secondary education (Tepperman Curtis, 2011, p. 350). It is important to recognize that even in modern society, women make up a large portion of the secondary labour market and therefore consistently earn less, have less job security, and face more inequality in hiring practices (Fausto-Sterling, 1992, p. 5). In 2008, Canadian women earned an average $30,100 compared to $47,000 earned by men (Williams, 2010). On average, women who have a post-secondary certificate or diploma earn 71. 2% of what men with the same education earn (Williams, 2010). Women who attain a university degree earn only 68. 3% of what men with a university degree earn. Furthermore, women who work full-time throughout the year earn on average $62,800 while men earn an average of $91,800 (Williams, 2010). In comparing the earning ratio between men and women across distinct occupations, women and men tend to have the least wage disparity in typically labeled ‘feminine’ vocations such as: natural sciences (on average, women earn 83. 5% of men’s wages), teaching (83%), artistic/recreational (85. 4%) and clerical (81. 5%); and the most wage disparity in: medicine/health (56. 8%), manufacturing (55. 7%), occupations unique to primary industry (49%), and government/religion/social sciences (49. 8%) (Williams, 2010). GENDER BIAS IN POST-SECONDARY EDUCATION The conflict theory approach suggests that the educational system services as a vessel of inequality based on class, race, and gender (Tepperman Curtis, 2011, p. 362). An area that this theory may be placed emphatically is on the issue of gender inequality in the post-secondary educational system. Throughout Canadian history, females have been marginalized in the educational system. For example, before Confederation, young girls attended school with boys, but were often pulled out of school in order to fulfill familial duties (Tepperman Curtis, 2011, p. 351). When these young women did attend school and show an interest in post-secondary education, they were guided into fields such as nursing and education (Tepperman Curtis, 2011, p. 351 Macneill, 2011). At one point in history, women were completely banned form attending medical school (a typically male-dominated field) (Tepperman Curtis, 2011, p. 351). Additionally, many of the most highly ‘skilled’ and well-paid jobs such as doctor and lawyer are still predominately held by males. The discrimination of women in post-secondary education has had a direct influence on socioeconomic inequality between men and women. Banks (1988) argues that although the overt sexual discrimination against women in law schools is decreasing, an even more damaging form of covert sexism and gender-bias remains (Banks, 1988, p. 137). Throughout the 1970s, law schools catered specifically to male students, and any benefits to female students were considered ‘secondary’ and unimportant (Banks, 1988, p. 138). Additionally, women tend to stay silent about inequality in law school because â€Å"the law school classroom, environment, structure, and language tend to exclude women or make them feel inferior† (Banks, 1988, p. 146). Banks (1988) suggests that this trend does not simply affect law school students, but the covert sexism filters into the entire justice system (Banks, 1988, p. 137). Sexism is a form of discrimination, and thus, sexism within the walls of our law schools may have a lasting affect on the individuals that enter the field of law. Therefore, women who enter the field of law are faced with discrimination from all areas in the justice system that is dominated by males. As a result, women are faced with discrimination in hiring practices, less pay, difficulty in promotion, and an uncomfortable work environment. Stratton et. al. (2005) suggest that a informal discrimination still exists within medical schools (Stratton et. al, 2005, p. 402). This study found that women tend to think about discrimination and sexism before deciding on which medical specialization to enroll in (Stratton et. al. , 2005, p. 403). Women tend to enroll in areas such as gynecology and obstetrics, while men enroll in neurology and surgery (Stratton et. al. , 2005, p. 405). The research reinforces the idea that discrimination against women may influence their decision in which field to study in post-secondary education and that women as informally ‘pushed’ into areas which are culturally defined as ‘feminine’ and do not provide equal economic gains (Stratton et. al. , 2005, p. 402). Although societal perceptions have changed over time, historical stereotypes have reinforced the idea that women should not achieve the same social and economic statuses as men. The issue of gender inequality in terms of social and economic status remains significantly influenced by achieved education level (Coulombe Frenette, 2007, p. 24). In a report released by Statistics Canada, Coulombe and Frenette (2007) suggest that education level can almost fully explain the decline in economic inequality between genders since the 1980s (Coulombe Frenette, 2007, p. 24). This evolving trend indicates that education level is perhaps the most significant predictor of socioeconomic class. One may argue that this is a direct result of the formal changes made to protect women’s rights in the Constitution Act, 1982. It is important to acknowledge that since the Constitution Act, 1982, there have been many changes to the way society perceives formal equality but informal barriers still remain for women. Although the Charter of Rights and Freedoms may ‘formally’ protect women, gender inequality remains permissive in our culture and therefore continues to make it difficult for females to achieve true equality. Until ‘informal’ barriers such as discrimination, social injustice, and stereotypes are eliminated, social and economic inequality will remain a significant issue for women. The educational system is supposed to provide universal support and learning opportunities for all but it fails to provide for distinct issues relating to women. A cornerstone of our democratic society is that every individual, regardless or race, gender, or class, is afforded the same rights under and before the law (Constitution Act, 1982). However, this has not been the case for women who have faced discrimination in the educational system. Current research illustrates that as women gain equality in certain sectors of the job market, those jobs decrease in prestige and pay (Tepperman Curtis, 2011, p. 353). Women who have fought gender stereotypes throughout their educational experience to break through the social construction of a typical ‘male’ vocation, are met with a decrease in the social status and pay of that particular job. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION It is important to note, however, that social and economic equality can be achieved however slow the process may be. In order to continue the trend of positive reinforcement for women’s equality in the educational system and workforce, we must continue to educate future generations and send the message that inequality and discrimination will not be tolerated. Our society is made up of discriminative images everywhere we look, and thus, we must start early in the developmental process, ie. early elementary school, in order to provide our future with the foundation for equality. We must also advance policy in regard to the equal treatment for women in post-secondary institutions as well as hiring practices. This essay has examined the effect that the post-secondary educational system in Canada has had on social and economic inequality between males and females. Throughout history, women have faced a constant struggle to receive equal education in comparison to men. At one time, women were barred from attending highly skilled post-secondary institutions (such as medical schools). When women did receive higher education, they were guided into typically ‘feminine’ vocations such as nursing and education. Not only are these jobs perceived as overtly feminine, but they are paid far less in comparison to typical ‘male’ dominant jobs. Although recent trends have illustrated women are closing the gap in economic disparity, this paper has argued that the gap remains pervasive because of a failed post-secondary educational system. This system has failed to provide equal rights and protections which are outlined in our Constitution. This failure has lead to a system where women still earn less than males and are disproportionately represented in unemployment and low socioeconomic statuses. Our educational system has failed to teach our younger generations that inequality and discrimination will not be tolerated. In order to make societal changes, we must first educate our children to accept all human beings as equal.

International Encyclopedia of Hospitality Management

Question: Discuss about the International Encyclopedia of Hospitality Management. Answer: Introduction Measuring the accounting elements tends to be a crucial factors when it comes to preparation of financial statement, which fairly tend to keep record of the present economic activity of the accounting entity. Thus, financial statement elements can be easily measured via the different attributes which correspond to the nature of elements and purpose where the elements are incurred by entity (Palea, 2014). Hence, the reliability and relevance of the existing attributes is often measured through key points which includes the measurements of liabilities, available equity assets and other aspects. Regarding the current money related and resulting monetary turmoil, suppositions created have been accusing fair value estimation in budgetary to be the principle purpose for the emergency. Then again, there additionally exist contradicting focuses created in light of this view. Henceforth, in view of the announcement gave, the general thought process of this paper will dissect the financial foundations of fair value and delineate the qualities and shortcomings of reasonable esteem with regards to the bookkeeping reason (Spiceland, 2009). Along these lines, in light of these discoveries, the paper will all in all assess if fair value accounting has a part in the contemporary economic and financial turmoils. Strengths of fair value The conventional bookkeeping framework supports the utilization of sums at which the components of financial explanations were measured at the date of their underlying acknowledgment. Chronicled costs have a few focal points; objectivity and decisive proof are in the first put. They can serve as a judiciousness measure for the insurance of element's loan bosses. Tragically, authentic expenses are not reasonable and important for monetary basic leadership and they fall apart the stewardship capacity of bookkeeping from the perspective of element's proprietors. As a response to those hindrances standard setters lean toward estimation properties in view of current market data and presumptions for setting up the financial articulations by openly capable substances. Reasonable esteem is considered the most valuable market attributes similarly as estimation in financial detailing concerns. The monetary foundation for this statement can be found in Allen (2013). In any case, we ought to hav e in our mind that "reasonable esteem is not panacea and other estimation bases likewise have alluring attributes" (Benston, 2006). Reasonable esteem was picked as a favored arrangement in an endless exchange off amongst unwavering quality and importance of bookkeeping data. Literature review of fair value accounting Georgiou (2012) did the first real examination of fair value accounting. Gulin et al. (2017) portrays plusses and minuses of contemporary sensible respect bookkeeping all the more fundamentally. On the registered level (trailed by administrative bodies for example, IASB and FASB), sensible respect bookkeeping should make data with a more hoisted measure of choice settlement and data noteworthiness of bookkeeping information and in this manner give data that is more helpful to inspectors. In like way, scholars acquire a bigger perspective of a segment's flourishing. Sensible respect takes out the motivations to reason amassed get exchanging and resources securitization and along these lines expands the believability of cash related revealing. Contrariwise, if sensible respect can't be settled unambiguously, sensible respect estimation loses its objectivity. In the event that alluded to show off expenses in component markets are lost, sensible respect can be measured as of late in cont ext of subjective suppositions, and along these lines, may change into a disclosure contraption for optional pay association and control (Mclaney Atrill, 2012). The existence of rivals of fair value bookkeeping (encourage likewise "FVA") trust that financial revealing in light of fair value estimation has revived the money related crisis moreover, fundamentally declined the impact on affected associations. Reasonable esteem accounting is standing up to the criticism especially from the sparing cash portion; e.g. as demonstrated by the CEO of the American Bankers Association (2008): "The issues that exist in today's budgetary markets can be taken after to a broad assortment of segments. One key variable that is viewed as having exacerbated these issues is sensible regard bookkeeping." No enormous shock, that the operators of the affiliations unequivocally hit by the crunch authenticate director protestations to FVA. E.g. Martin Sullivan, AIG CEO, said that "sensible regard bookkeeping had unintended outcomes and required its suspension" (Budgetary circumstances, 2008). The most grounded resistance against sensible regard bookkeeping obviously starts from Wallison (2008) who battles that sensible regard bookkeeping has been the imperative reason behind a surprising reducing in resource values; a remarkable move in unsteadiness among cash related foundations; and the most exceedingly dreadful monetary emergency in the United States since the Great Gloom (Khan, 2010). Additionally, Wallison (2009, pp. 2-3) expect that sensible regard bookkeeping is exceedingly star cycling and ought to be surrendered or if nothing else basically modified recalling the genuine goal to guarantee that cash related elucidations report data on unwavering quality of the substance instead of on its advantage control. A similar comment on virtuoso cycling highlight of sensible regard bookkeeping and the need to change the stamp to-market bookkeeping in light of sensible respect (for the cash related affiliations) was passed on by Bensot (2006) on the other hand by King (Allen , 2013). Last, however not at any rate the Chairman of Federal Reserve Bank Ben Bernanke said that "the need to check resources at "fi re deal" costs had made an unending circle". It is expected that FVA spreads this resurgent sickness among banks (Benston, 2006) and subsequently can incite to a breakdown of the whole saving money structure (Gulin et al, 2017) with conceivable effect to certifiable economy. There exist some supporting points of view furthermore from scholastics, e.g. Abdel-Khalik (2008) examines sensible regard estimation from the reason has stimulated the monetary crisis besides, essentially declined the impact on affected associations. Reasonable esteem accounting is standing up to the input especially from the sparing cash portion; e.g. as showed by the CEO of the American Bankers Association (2008): "The issues that exist in today's budgetary markets can be taken after to a broad assortment of segments. One key variable that is viewed as having exacerbated these issues is sensible regard bookkeeping." No huge astonishment, that the operators of the affiliations unequivocally hit by the crunch verify boss protestations to FVA. E.g. Martin Sullivan, AIG CEO, said that "sensible regard bookkeeping had unintended outcomes and required its suspension" (Budgetary circumstances, 2008). The most grounded resistance against sensible regard bookkeeping clearly starts from Wallison (2008) who battles that sensible regard bookkeeping has been the essential reason behind an amazing lessening in resource values; an extraordinary move in flimsiness among cash related foundations; and the most exceedingly dreadful money related emergency in the United States since the Great Gloom (Khan, 2010). Likewise, Wallison (2009, pp. 2-3) expect that sensible regard bookkeeping is exceedingly star cycling and ought to be surrendered or if nothing else basically adjusted recollecting the genuine target to guarantee that cash related illuminations report data on dependability of the substance instead of on its advantage control. A similar comment on virtuoso cycling highlight of sensible regard bookkeeping and the need to change the stamp to-market bookkeeping in light of sensible respect (for the cash related affiliations) was passed on by Bensot (2006) on the other hand by King (Allen , 2013). Last, however not at any rate the Chairman of Federal Reserve Bank Ben Bernanke said that "the need to check resources at "fi re deal" costs had made a never-ending circle". It is accepted that FVA spreads this resurgent illness among banks (Benston, 2006) and hence can incite to a breakdown of the whole saving money structure (Gulin et al, 2017) with conceivable effect to certifiable economy. with the assessments significantly. References Wallison, P. J. (2008), Fair Value Accounting: A Critique. American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, AEI Outlook Series, July 2008, [on-line],https://www.aei.org/docLib/20080728_23336JulyFSOg.pdf. Abdel-Khalik, R. A. (2008), The Case against Fair Value Accounting. University of Illinois, [on-line], www.aislab.aueb.gr/accfi n/DownLoads/seminars/ATT00007.pdf. Palea, V. (2014). Fair value accounting and its usefulness to financial statement users.Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting.12, 102-116. Socias Salva, A. (2014).Financial accounting: the basic accounting cycle and the spanish general accounting plan. [Place of publication not identified], Larousse - Ediciones Pira. Spiceland, J. D. (2009).Intermediate accounting. Boston, McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Walton, P. (2013).An executive guide to ifrs: content, costs and benefits to business. Hoboken, N.J., Wiley. Hancock, P., Bazley, M. E., Robinson, P. (2015).Contemporary accounting: a strategic approach for users. Pizam, A. (2013).International encyclopedia of hospitality management. Jean-Franois Casta. (2003).Does fair value accounting provide a better representation of a company?Revue D'conomie Financire (English Ed.). PERSEE. Georgiou, O. (2012).Competing rationalities: UK investors' and analysts' perspectives on fair value accounting. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Essex, 2012. Tan, Chyi Woan (Rebecca). (2005).Accounting for financial instruments: an investigation of preparer and user preference for fair value accounting. Mclaney, E. J., Atrill, P. (2012).Accounting: an introduction. Harlow, Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Allen, A. M. (2013).Essays in financial accounting standard setting. Gulin, D., Hladika, M., Mic?in, M. (2017). Application of the Fair Value Concept in Function of Achievement the Objectives of Financial Statement Users. Benston, G. J. (2006). Fair-value accounting: A cautionary tale from Enron.Journal of Accounting and Public Policy.25, 465-484.

Animal FArm Essays (797 words) - British Films, Cold War Films

Animal Farm The novel Animal Farm by George Orwell is one of the most well recognized political satires of this time. Orwell has caused many elaborate interpretations to be written of his novel such as Language as Theme in Animal Farm, by Samir Elbarbary, is one of these interpretations. In Orwells? novel Animal Farm expresses the traits needed to maintain and secure a sense of power and control through the Pigs in the books? actions. The most significant of these traits are linguistic ability, the skill to manipulate ideas to the leaders? advantage and to posses the ability to confuse those less intelligent than them. These traits by themselves work alone and are flawlessly blended together to win the rest of the animals over. The Pigs? ability to overwhelm the animals with a vast vocabulary base and their talent of rhetoric allows them to keep a sense of power and control. This use of strong vocabulary controls the animals in such away they will listen to almost anything and believe it it?s the right course of action. For example, when Squealer exclaimed to his following crowd, Tactics, comrades, tactics!the animals were not certain what this meant? (Orwell 62) he used the word ?tactics? to take advantage of the other animals weak vocabulary and to strengthen his speech simultaneously. On top of this, the Pigs? speak in a complex way to embrace their power. One of the forms of complex speaking is stated by Samir Elbarbary where he says ?pitch raising used for additional reinforcement of persuasion?. (Elbarbary 3). Blending both strong vocabulary and complex speaking allows the Pigs to easily take advantage of their intelligence and use it to keep their position of power standing strong. The Pigs ways of m anipulating ideas to their advantage drastically strengthens there leader status. The pigs, such as Squealer who ?is the master manipulator of his approving listeners? (Elbarbary 3) obviously does a great job at this. He manipulates the animals to a great extent. This is shown when Squealer was ?sent to make the necessary explanations? to the animals. (Orwell 42) He addressed the animals in such a way where he said ?you do not imagine, I hope, that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege? Many of us actually dislike apples and milk, I dislike them myself. Our sole object in taking these things is to preserve out health.? By speaking in such a manipulative way he can break one of their base principles on the farm, which they created, to ?preserve their health?. As well as manipulative speaking the Pigs have ways of doing this sub consciously. In one case they use poetry and artwork to manipulate ideas. There was a piece of literature that was noticed and short ly after ?Napoleon approved the poem and caused it to be inscribed on the barn wall?surrounded by a portrait of Napoleon.? Not only does he use this to manipulate ideas, he uses it as propaganda for the Pigs. This is a manipulative act because Even though the poem isn?t directly about napoleon, he puts it next to a portrait of him to place that in the less intelligent animals? minds. The Pigs have the ability to confuse and take advantage of those less intelligent than them. In the paper Language as theme in Animal Farm Elbarbary stated that the Pigs ?take advantage of the Pigs linguistic vulnerability?. (Elbarbary 3). He derived this through the fact that when the animals use words that the other animals don?t comprehend they confuse them and make them more susceptible to the information they want to get across. They can do this even if the information isn?t true or even goes against the commandments that the farm is supposedly following. Not only do they just use that tactic, they will use ?language that becomes so opaque it parodies it commutative purpose?. This allows the pigs go so off topic to get the animals mind off something. Doing this enables the Pigs ?talk around things? and keep a firm position in power. The Pigs ability to perform these things so smoothly without mistakes lets them keep a sense of power and control as leaders of Animal Farm. The Pigs

Abolition of Capital Punishment in California essays

Abolition of Capital Punishment in California essays The Abolition of Capital Punishment in California: A Legal California, and indeed the entire United States, has a lengthy tradition of capital punishment. Since the state's inception in 1850, California has sanctioned the death penalty as means to punish, deter, and, perhaps most significantly, seek retribution for certain offenses. However, in 1972, the United States Supreme Courts Furman v. Georgia decision held the death penalty unconstitutional. Citing the 8th Amendment barring cruel and unusual punishment, the court effectively stuck down all death-penalty statutes throughout the country. This decision had little to do with the moral questions posed by capital punishment; rather it was the manner in which sentences were being arrived at and who was punished that concerned the majority of justices. This decision marked a vital change in law nationwide and forced states to re-evaluate and revise their capital punishment statutes, in an effort to provide less arbitrary and more considerate sentencing. California thus restructured its law to include the two-stage, guilt and penalty phase trial, ushering in the modern era of capital punishment in the state. Current incarnation of the law allows a death sentence to be prescribed for homicide convictions with special circumstances only, and requires that juries consider both mitigating and aggravating circumstances during sentencing. While these revisions have resulted in relatively more just and accurate sentencing, it remains impossible to completely eliminate the human factors that influence and skew such legal decisions. In mind it follows that this possibility raises a higher moral question to Californians: is this a sound and fair manner with which to administer justice? Moreover, does and has capital punishment proven beneficial enough to the people of the state to merit its continued application? ...

Communicating effectively in obstetric emergencies Essay

Communicating effectively in obstetric emergencies - Essay Example The incompetent midwifery and lack of awareness can also contribute to the inadequate maternal facilities to the mother and the baby (Aljunid & Zwi, pp. 426-36, 1996). In many countries, specifically the Middle East and South Asian countries like India, Nepal, and Srilanka have low mortality rate that contributes to women preferring to give deliver in private or home by unofficial nurses or midwifery. The lack of awareness and proper maternal education can even result in serious healthcare problems to the mother and the child (Walsh, pp. 1-5, 2001). The intensive prenatal care facilitation in obstetric emergencies is highly regulated factor and there should be specific paramedical facilities available to manage such interventions such as forced or unwanted abortions complications, prolonged labor deliver, blood transfusion, and cesarean section. According to the estimates, 585,000 women die due to lack of effective communication by the skilled attendants and midwifery in pregnancy an d labor complications (WHO, pp. 20-42, 1996). The functional referral system of transporting midwifery services across the rural areas for stabilizing the obstetric emergencies and early diagnosis of complication in labor or pregnancies can resolve the mortality issues (O'Driscoll, pp. 39-41, 1994). The training of traditional birth attendants (TBAs) and midwives can effectively contribute to the immense action in the state of emergency as professional health armors to the delivering woman (Foord, pp. 10-29, 1995). Role of Midwife in Obstetric Emergencies as an Effective Communicator A person who has specific training and skills to work with the paramedical staff in obstetric emergencies during pregnancy and labor is termed as midwife. They have responsibility to provide utmost care to the newborn infants and detection of complications in case of emergent labor, eradicate the barrier in communication between the patient and the medical staff, and educate the mother for any preventiv e measures in case of any complications (ICM, pp. 56-79, 2005). The midwifery is a significant key player in reducing the risk of maternal death and immediate postpartum period. The appropriate facilitation of midwifery education and training, referral system, and positive support system to maternity care have regulated the expertise areas of midwifery profession in effective and immediate actions during the labor and pregnancy emergencies (Hogan et al., pp. 1609-23, 2010). The striking death toll for maternal death is due to in effective life saving techniques particularly in hemorrhage, obstructed labor, unsafe caesarian section, and abortions. The skilled midwives can provide utmost diligent care in the absence of a medical practitioner particularly in rural areas or private births. It could also accommodate to sufficient medical environmental care to the mother and the baby before and after the labor (Ronsmans & Graham, pp. 1189-1200, 2006). The literature revealed that lack of